Closeness or distance to port settlements in the moorland posed different views about space, nature, and landscape. The difficulty to transform a natural scenario into an inhabitable space has been subjected by two factors: one of them, water supply, either through groundwater or the access to the main surface water current (Loa River) and the second one, the necessary road connectivity with the Pacific Ocean or transboundary Mediterranean cities (Bolivia and Argentina). Every human action must have faced the desert. These climatic features, added to a rugged topography, have defined natural landscapes with distinctive characteristics. Finally, we find a high steppe climate with rainfall in summer that reflects vegetation and certain surface water currents (, pp. 214–221). Farther to the east, and higher toward the Andes, we find a marginal high desert climate, present at the Andes foothills over 3000 m.a.s.l., with rainfall that fosters steppe growth. If we go up to the east, between 10 m.a.s.l., we find an intermediate depression and a regular desert climate with other characteristics such as high thermal fluctuation between day and night, clear sky, and absence of rain. A characteristic of this presence are the camanchacas (fogs) enclosed by the hills of the Coast Cordillera. According to Köppen’s classification, on the coast, we find a coastal desert climate with plenty of clouds and high humidity but without rain. The large extension of Atacama Desert in Antofagasta region includes different geographic areas with desert climate variants that define various landscapes.
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